Just two months ago, NATO was in the middle of an existential crisis over President Donald Trump’s insistence that the U.S. take control of Greenland. He threatened tariffs and refused to rule out military action, but eventually backed down.
Then on Sunday, Trump demanded the alliance help him clear the Strait of Hormuz, which Iran has blocked since the U.S. and Israel launched their war on the Islamic republic two weeks ago.
“It’s only appropriate that people who are the beneficiaries of the Strait will help to make sure that nothing bad happens there,” Trump told the Financial Times, while also saying he could delay his summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping. “If there’s no response or if it’s a negative response I think it will be very bad for the future of NATO.”
After he precipitated the Greenland crisis this year and launched a trade war last year, allies have been re-evaluating the global order and their long-term future with the U.S.
Trump admitted to the FT that he’s pessimistic about U.S. allies coming to his aid. But he suggested NATO owes him, despite years of berating member states for not spending more on defense and even belittling their losses fighting with the U.S. in Afghanistan.
“We’ve been very sweet,” Trump said. “We didn’t have to help them with Ukraine. Ukraine is thousands of miles away from us … But we helped them. Now we’ll see if they help us. Because I’ve long said that we’ll be there for them but they won’t be there for us. And I’m not sure that they’d be there.”
He explained that NATO help could come in the form of minesweepers or commandos, and downplayed the military threat that Iran poses. While Iran’s military has indeed been decimated by U.S. and Israeli bombardment, it still packs enough punch to scare commercial shipping away from the Strait of Hormuz.
Iran seize gatekeeper role
But Tehran is also signaling that the strait isn’t totally closed and that it wields the power to choose who may pass, as the U.S. military has yet to re-establish free navigation through the narrow waterway.
Oil prices have soared as Iran’s attacks on shipping in the Persian Gulf have created a de facto blockade over the strait, through which one-fifth of the world’s oil and liquid natural gas flow, with Wall Street warning crude could even hit $150 a barrel in a prolonged conflict.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Sunday that vessels from different countries have already been allowed to transit the strait and that a number of governments have approached Tehran about securing safe passage for their ships.
“I cannot mention any country in particular,” he told on CBS News. “And this is up to our military to decide.”
Reports have indicated that Iran is getting its oil shipments out to top customer China, while hundreds of tankers carrying supplies from other countries remain bottled up in the Gulf.
That keeps critical revenue rolling into Iran. By contrast, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and other top producers have been forced to pump less with nowhere left to stash their output.
Meanwhile, Trump ordered an attack on military sites on Kharg Island, Iran’s top oil export node, upping the ante of escalation. He is also trying to assemble a naval coalition to reopen the strait. Sources told the Wall Street Journal on Sunday that the administration could soon announce an escort mission that involves multiple countries, though it wasn’t clear if operations would begin before or after hostilities end.
Trump earlier called on China, France, Japan, South Korea, Britain and others to send warships to the Middle East, though responses have been non-committal so far. At the same time, the U.K. and the Gulf Cooperation Council said member states “have the right to take all necessary measures to defend their security and stability and protect their territories, citizens and residents.”
But the Strait of Hormuz remains contested waters, and U.S. Navy officials have called it a “kill box” where Iran’s missiles, aerial drones, underwater drones, surface drones, mines, and small fast-attack boats pose numerous threats. Given the risks to multibillion-dollar warships, the Navy has turned down requests from shipping companies to provide protection.
European officials are considering a naval mission to the Strait of Hormuz but admit that their current effort to protect shipping in the Red Sea “hasn’t been effective.”
“That’s why I’m very skeptical whether an expansion of Aspides into the Strait of Hormuz could provide more security,” German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul said, adding that Germany won’t take an active role in the war.
‘All U.S. response options are suboptimal’
Defense experts say a proper naval escort mission would require more ships as well as air power and perhaps ground troops to neutralize Iranian threats.
The Strait of Hormuz is navigationally constrained, and reaction times to attacks from the coast are short, according to Jennifer Parker, founder of Barrier Strategic Advisory and a veteran of the Royal Australian Navy.
As a result, escort operations at scale would require significant numbers of warships, plus combat air patrols that would take aircraft away from other missions, she added in a threat on X on Saturday.
“Responding to coastal launch sites as they emerge would require coordinated strike operations ashore and perhaps marines — the latter a clear escalation risk,” Parker wrote. “Without significantly degrading Iran’s UAV and USV capability, escorts alone are unlikely to enable the safe transit of large numbers of tankers.”
Then there’s the problem of clearing any mines in the strait. Despite the U.S. wiping out Iran’s navy, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps can still use small boats to deploy mines, and not many are needed to scare away commercial traffic.
The U.S. also shrank its minesweeping fleet, and its remaining ships are stationed in Asia. A new class of littoral combat ship was designed to handle minesweeping missions, but it has yet to be used in combat.
“Historically, mine clearance has been slow, and it is almost impossible to do under fire,” MIT political science professor Caitlin Talmadge wrote in Foreign Affairs on Friday.
Like Parker, she said defending the strait in the middle of a shooting war may require the U.S. to take control of the Iranian coast by inserting Marines or special operations forces.
In fact, the U.S. is deploying a Marine Expeditionary Unit to the Mideast with more than 2,000 troops, though some analysts have raised the possibility of an amphibious attack on Kharg Island.
“In short, if Iran effectively mines the strait, all U.S. response options are suboptimal,” Talmadge warned. “The United States should therefore focus aggressively on preventing Iranian mine-laying in the first place and finding an off-ramp from the larger war. If it does not, Washington should expect that ongoing harassment of traffic in the strait will be but one of a number of responses that Iran has long prepared and will now deploy.”
In recent months, NATO has faced significant challenges, particularly stemming from President Donald Trump’s unpredictable foreign policy moves. Just two months ago, NATO was embroiled in a crisis over Trump’s controversial demand for U.S. control of Greenland, which he backed down from after threatening tariffs and military action. Now, Trump is urging NATO allies to assist the U.S. in ensuring the security of the Strait of Hormuz, which has seen increased tensions due to Iranian actions following a military conflict involving the U.S. and Israel.
Trump emphasized the importance of NATO’s assistance in protecting the Strait, stating, “It’s only appropriate that people who are the beneficiaries of the Strait will help to make sure that nothing bad happens there,” while also expressing skepticism about NATO’s willingness to support U.S. interests. He suggested that NATO countries owe the U.S. for its past support, particularly regarding Ukraine, and indicated doubts about whether they would reciprocate in the current situation.
Despite Iran’s military having suffered significant losses due to U.S. and Israeli strikes, it still possesses enough capability to deter commercial shipping in the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz, through which a significant portion of the world’s oil and natural gas is transported. As Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi noted, Iran has allowed vessels from certain countries to transit the strait, indicating its control over maritime traffic in the region.
The situation has led to rising oil prices and heightened concerns about the stability of global energy supplies. Trump has responded by ordering strikes against Iranian military targets and seeking to form a coalition of nations to help secure the Strait. He has called on various countries, including allies like the U.K. and others, to contribute naval forces, but so far, responses have been lukewarm.
The U.S. Navy has identified the Strait of Hormuz as a highly dangerous area, where Iranian military capabilities present substantial threats to naval operations. The presence of missiles, drones, and other weapons systems makes any military engagement risky for U.S. and allied forces. In light of this, the Navy has declined requests from shipping companies for protection, citing the dangers involved.
European nations are considering a naval mission to the strait but have expressed skepticism regarding its potential effectiveness, especially given previous inadequacies in securing maritime routes elsewhere. Experts suggest that a comprehensive naval escort mission would necessitate a significant increase in naval assets, including air support and possibly ground forces to neutralize Iranian threats effectively.
The operational challenges are compounded by the need for minesweeping capabilities, as the Iranian military can deploy mines that pose a danger to commercial traffic. However, the U.S. has reduced its minesweeping fleet, and its current ships are largely stationed in Asia. Experts warn that any attempt to clear mines would be slow and risky, especially under fire, and may require ground forces to secure the Iranian coast for effective operations.
In summary, the situation in the Strait of Hormuz presents a complex array of challenges for the U.S. and its allies. With rising tensions, economic implications for global oil supplies, and the need for a coordinated military response, the U.S. faces a precarious balancing act. Analysts emphasize the importance of preventing further Iranian aggression while exploring diplomatic avenues to de-escalate the situation, as military options appear limited and fraught with risk.
